What is Sociology ?
Sociology is a systematic and scientific study of Human Behavior, Social Groups and society.
According to Emile Durkheim: Sociology is a systematic and scientific study of social facts(the facts which are external to individual, which is Empirically observable.
According to Max Weber: Sociology is a science of social action in other words sociology is systematic study of social actions, interactions or social phenomena.
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Society
Society is a wave of social relationship, It’s a network of social relations, interactions, social association, social groups etc.
Institution
The wave of relationship in society which is organized or established and patterned is referred as institution. For Example: Five Primary Institutions
- Family
- Religion
- Economy
- Education
- Polity
They are conceptualized as five primary institutions in sociology.
There are multiple secondary institutions related to these five primary institutions. For Example:
- Marriage interrelated with Family
- Banking Institutions are interrelated with Economics
- Panchayati raj, parliaments, interrelated with Polity
- Educational institutional interrelated with Education
- Religious sects and cults are interrelated with Religious
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Values
Values Refers to set of guidelines for human desirable behavior in a particular society. For Example: Traditional Society, Modern Society
Values are classified into Universalistic values and Particularistic values
Particularistic Values: Particularistic values relates to or refers to guidelines for desirable behavior in a particular society or community or caste or ethnicity etc.
For Example: Guidelines for marriage with in the caste(Endogamous: practice of endogamy) Vegetarianism, Community values, Ceremonial fasts.
Universalistic values: universalistic values or universal values refers to value which is universally adopted irrespective of caste, class, communities etc in a particular society.
For Example: Constitutional values, Scientific values etc.
Norms
Norms Refers to set of actual behavior following certain values.
For Example: Respecting Elders values, guidelines & Expressing that respect in actual behavior by greetings to Elderly (Good morning referred as Norms).
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